Fuel supply system



'Dil-31, 1933. F. STEPHAN 1,933,081

FUEL SUPPLY sx'sTEM Filed May 2o, 1951 4 sheets-sheet 1 .Uf Mfg ,eyoaan. y 419W my.

4 sheets-Sheet s 5 Z 3 0 WU .4567 M w 5MM U b M l V liv Oct. 3l,l 1933.F. STEPHAN FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed May 20, 1951 O Ct- 31; 1933. F.STEPHAN FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM Filed May 20, 1951 4 Sheets-.Sheet 4- It maybe attached in substitution of the carof the arrows.

buretor and thevmounting is made simple and 'efficient since it is onlynecessary toinsert three bolts or the like through the tubular Pscrewswhich hold the housing 27 and the .main frame 1 in assembly. 'I'he topshell 23 can be turned around to adjust the fuel inlet 24 to anyposition radially to the device. 4The attachment of the fuel line' 24can therefore be accomplished with ease since the device lends itselfreadily -to any -engine construction. f

I shall now describe the interior assembly of parts with reference tothe Figure 3. This iigure is an enlarged cross-section taken along thelines 3-3 in Figure 2 looking in the direction ence numerals toidentical parts in order to facilitate the description.

Referring now to Figure 3, it will be seen that themain frame member 1has a central portion which is joined in its lower part by the integraliiange portion 2. Projecting from flange portion 2 are threevlateralextensions each provided with a threaded hole.v One ofl these ex,-`

- tensions is shown in `Figure 3 and designated by the numeral 3. Itcorresponds to the extension. 3 shown in Figure 1. In the flange portion2 are as many openings as there are pump cylinders. The cylinders, suchas the vcylinders v6 and 9, are each provided with a shoulder such as32, 33, respectively, and these` shoulders engage correspondinglyVrecessed or turned down portions on the slightly sloping surface 34, 35lof the flange V2. It will'be seen that .the material oi the flange 2 issloping downl laterally-from the central portion l as indicated by thedottedlines 34-35. The same is the case in the upper part of the vframe,asv is. indicated 'by the reference numerals 66-66. These lslopingsurfaces give strength.to the main frame which may be a suitable castingor made in a drawing process.' Bronze, aluminum or other material may beused for the'frame. The` circular recesses in the sloping surface 34-35provide proper seats for the` `shoulders (32, 33)"'on thepump'"cylinders.` The `cylinders project with their lower portionsthrough the vopeningsirrthe .flange 2in1-'the frame 1 asis indicated'bythe numerals 36, 37. The lowest portion of each'cylinder-.is further Theframe 1 carries a laterally extending flange `'4.0 integral 4with theframe and axially spaced are provided in 'the flange 40 for thereception of auxiliary pistons suchas the .pistons 42, 43 shown inthedrawings. The auxiliary piston 42 co.

operates with the-main piston 44 contained within the pump cylinder 6,andthe auxiliary piston 43 cooperates with the main piston 45 containedwithin the .pump cylinder 9.. ...I are as many auxiliary pistons 42,43., as there are pistons i 44-.45, reciprocating within tnejrm'mpcylinders such 8S. 6 .and 49..'

The lower portionof'eachof lthe main (44,45) is formed lintoa headsuchIas`.indicat.ed by thereference' numerals 46 and 4 7f,.respeotively.

The headbf each piston is provided with"V a -set oishoulder as shown inthe drawings, the diameter of which corresponds substantiallyv to thediameter of the lower portion of the cylinders designated inthe drawingsbythe numerals 38,

I have applied the same refer-- 48 is disposed between the head 46 ofthe piston` 44 and the shoulder :36 of the cylinder` 6 .and tends topull the main piston 44 downwardly in the direction of the cooperatingauxiliary piston` 4 2; the spring 49 is disposed between the shoulderportion 37 lof the pump cylinder 9 and the head 47 of the main piston45, and gives the piston 45 a downward tendency in the direction of thecooperating auxiliary piston 43.

The same arrangement is duplicated with each of the other pump pistonsandthe corresponding cylinders. It is understoodof course that there areas many pump cylinders and pistons as there are engine cylinders sinceeach of the pump pistons and cylinders is intended to meter and measurethe fuel for va specific one of the engine cylinders.

Each of the auxiliary pistons v(42--43) is disposed in acorrespondingone of the circularly arranged holes in the flange portion 40 of themain frame. It is of a cylindrical form and provided with a centralboring for receiving a spring such asvthe springs 50 and 51. Eachcooperating main piston has a counter drilled hole, and the springextends with one end into this hole as shown, and into the centralboring in the auxiliary piston. The spring exerts thus a tendency on the'corresponding auxiliary plston to-separate the same from the mainpiston.` For example, it will be 53. Suitable lubricating grooves areprovided on each of the cylindrical auxiliary pistons in orderto,provide for a good lubrication. The operation of the auxiliarypistons relative to the main pistons will be described later on afterseveral other structural details are explained..

'boring 54. is provided centrally within the lower portion of the mainframe 1. This boring turned down as is indicated by the mlmM1554 servesas a journal or bearing for the bearing portion 55 of a rotary cam 58.This bearing portion 55 is provided with lubricating grooves such as 56and 57, and with a transverse lubricating extending laterally' therefromin disc form is the cam plate -58 having the dwell 59. @The lower.lplined portion 60 is also integral with the cam 58 and with thejournal portion 55 thereof.

4'I'he splined portion 60 is disposed within an internally splined gear28 journaled in lthe lower porion of the housing 27 my means of thebearing 61. This bearing is held within the bottom portion of thehousing 27 by means of the nut 62 and by means of the closing member 63.The nut 62 engages the threaded end of the internally splined bushing ofthe gear 28 while the member 63 is threaded` into the internallythreaded housing`27 'as shown. yThe bearing 61 is thusheld in engagementwith the housing by the member 63, while the driving member or gear 28is held in position by means of the nut 62. The splined portion 60 ofthe rotary cam is disposed within the internally splined gear 23 and istherefore axially movable therein and rotatabletherewith. In

hole 58'. Integral with the bearing portion and A other words, the camwill rotate with the gear but can be shifted axially to the gear.

Laterally extending projections, such as 64, on the housing 27,regist'erwith the corresponding projections (3) on the main frame. Thereare three such laterally extending projections which register with eachother. The housing 27 is held in engagement with the main frame 1 bymeans of tubular screws such as the screw 65, one for each pair ofregistering lateral extensions on the housing 27 and on the main frame1, respectively. If it is desired to gain entrance into the interior ofthe lower portion of the device, it is therefore merely necessary toremove the tubular screws and to withdraw the housing 27 from engagementwith the main frame. The rotary cam, the auxiliary pistons and the lowerportion of the main pistons will thus be exposed for inspection.

The porlion of the housing 27 within which the` rotary cam operates willnormally be lled with lubricating oil or grease. The device is intendedto pump fuel oil or any other desirable fuel for the operation of aninternal combustion. This pumping of vthe fuel is accomplished by thepistons such as 44-45 reciprocating within the cylinders such as 6 and9. The upper'portion of the device which encloses the working end of thepump cylinders,`and the lower portion in which lubricating grease or oilis contained for lubricating the rotarycam, the splines 60, the bearings61, and the journal 55, must therefore be separated. This )separation isaccomplished by the flange 40 ong ;the. main frame 1 and by the feltpacking 41 contained in the annular groove in the flange 40. ...It istherefore impossible for the fuel to seep through and to enter the lowerportion ofV the housinf`27 where the lubricating oil or grease iscontained and it is likewise impossible for the lubricating medium toenter the upper portion of the housing where the operating parts arelocated for the metering and pumping of the fuel.

An opening. such as 65 is provided in the flange 2 of the frame, and anyfuel that may seep along the pistons and cylinder walls down to theanniilar chamber 40' can be thrown out to the outs e. I.

The mechanism contained in and cooperating with the upper portion of thedevice will be described next.

Near its upper end, the main frame 1 has a serrated flange 66. Thisserrated flange is represented by a number of semi-circular notches eachprovided for the reception ofone `of the pump cylinders, such as thecylinders 6 and 9. The cylinders are thus nicely disposed on the mainframe and held against .radial displacement on one end by the serrated,flange 66 and at the other end by the openings which receive theshoulder portions (36 and 37) pf the-cylinders. A closing member 10having an internal opening 67 is then put on these cylinders. Thethreaded upper portion 68 of the main frame extends through the opening67 in the member 10. The bottom side of the member 10 (as seen in Figure3) is provided with a central boring and with circularly arrangedborings, one for each cylinder. The cylinders t each in acorrespondingboring in the member 10 as shown in the drawings. Gasketssuch as the gaskets 68 and 69 are interposed between the head of thecorrespondingcylinder and the bottom of the corresponding boring 'in themember 10. It

will be observed that each of these gaskets has al shoulder whichengages the head surface' of the corresponding cylinder. I have chosenthis parvalves cooperating with the pistons (44 and 45) o 3 ticular formof gasket in-order to-reduce the contacting surface and thereby increasethe tightness of the joint. Centrally of each of the borings receivingthe cylinder is a boring, in axial extension of the first boring, whichextends through the entire member 10. These borings are indicated inthedrawings Figure 3 by the numerals 70 and 71.

Next in assembly is a valve disk or valve plate indicated in thedrawings by the reference numeral 72. This is a circular disk providedwith a number of bosses (76-77) and through each of these bosses extendsa hole, indicated by the referencev numerals 74 and 75. An oil-tight fitbetween the valve plate 72 and the closing member 10 is obtained bymeans of gaskets, one cooperating with each of the bosses (76 and 77)and furnishing a tight joint between the valve plate 72 and the closingmember 10. The gaskets cooperating with the bosses 76 and 77 areindicated by the reference numerals 78 and 79.

The bosses (76 and 77) extend slightly into the corresponding borings(70 and 71) in the member 10 and represent the valve seats for certainm0 as will be'. described presently. On top-of the valve plate 72 is acircular lter indicated by the referencenumeral 80. This lter isprovided with a central and a peripheral flange and these flangescooperate with suitable 10754 ring shaped gaskets indicated by thereference numerals 81 and 82. Y

The next member is the fuel inlet shell or top cap 23. This cap has acentral boring for admitting thev shaft of the bushing member 26, ande110.

circular flange 83 which overlies the valve plate 72 and engages theturned down portion 84 on the closing member 10. The cap 23 has also anangularly projecting inlet member 85 provided with an external thread.Attached to this inlet member 85 may be the fuel line 24 by means of thenut 25.

When the fuel inlet shell or top cap 23 is assembled with the device asldescribed above, a chamber 86 will be the result, which chamber is 120divided into two parts by means of the filter 80. Liquid fuel 'enteringthe devicethroughv` the fuel line 24 and through the boring 87 willtherefore K flood this chamber 86 on both sides of the filter 80. 1'25Solid particles will collect in front of the filter andv the -lteredfuel will enter through the lter into the lower portion of the chamber86 and will flood the borings such as 74 andv 75 in the valve plate 72;;This is the manner in which the liquid fuel is fed im to the device. i

' It should be remembered for proper understanding of the subsequentdiscussion of the operation of the device that the chamber 86 is floodedwith liquid fuel and that the liquid fuel also Hoods the'135 boringssuchl as `74 and 75 leading to the valves which cooperate with thecorresponding cylinders and pistons. It is understood that'the borings,such as 74 and 75 are axially in line with the corresponding pistons,such as 44 and 45.

Before entering upon a discussion of the operation of the device I willdescribe theremainlng mechanism.

The upper part of the main-frame 1 is formed into an axially extendingprojection 68. This projection is externally threaded for the receptionof the closingv bushing 26.. The extension 68 is provided with aninternal worm for the reception of the worm 88. The face of this worm isprovided 4 Y with la screw driver slot 89, and with an internal keygroove.

A central boring 90 extends through the frame for the reception ofthe'control shaft 91. This shaft, at its lower end, is provided' with ahead flange 92. The shaft is inserted from vthe bottom of the devicethrough the boring extendingthrough the rotary cam and through theboring 90 in the frame 1 as well as through the worm V88. The shaft onits upper end is provided with V va key groove 93 and this key groove isbrought into register with the corresponding internal key groove in theworm as. The shaft-91 is thus- A Y keyed to the worm 88 and the assemblyis completed by means of a nut member 94` which has -two projections 95and 96 adapted to engage the 'screw driver slot 89 in'the worm88. Thenut 94 is threaded on the corresponding threaded portion 97 of the shaft91 until the projections 95 and- 96. engage the surface of'the worm 88.The

shaft 91 is then dropped whereby the projections 195 and 96 are broughtinto engagement with the screw driver slot 89 in the worm 88, lockingthe shaft 91 to the worm 88. The upper end of the shaft 91 is squared asis indicated'by the reference numeral 98. A

Assembled with the top cap or inlet shell 26 are the following parts: Abushing having a flange 99 extends through the closing member 26 asshown. This bushing has a squared opening I 100 for thereception of thesquared end 98 of the shaft 91. The upper portion 101 of the bushing,

which extends to the outside, is provided with a key 102 and with athreaded end 29. The control 'lever 30 is provided with a hole and witha key groove for attachment to the portion 101 of the l bushing. Theattachment is finally completed by 'movement of the shaft 91 will dependon theft-.1

attaching the nut 31 to the threaded end 29, thereby locking the controllever 30 in engage-l "ment with the member 26." An axial displacement ofthe lever 30 is thereby excluded, while a rotary movement of this leveris permitted.' The squared openingv 100l in the bushing which co'operates with the member 26 is brought into lregister with the squaredend 98 of the shaft 91 and the member 26 is then tightened on thethreaded end 68 of the main frame. This completes thek assembly of thedevice as-far as the same has been described. Y f The followingoperation will be apparent from the above description of the detailsandV should be borne 'in mindfor the subsequent discussion of thefunctions of the device.

The rotation of the control lever 30 will cause .a correspondingrotation of the shaft 91 and, -sin'ce the shaft 91 is keyed to the wormmember 88, it .will be apparent that a rotation of the lever 30 willcause a lifting or lowering of the shaft 1 91 within the device. Theaxial direction of `the' direction of rotation of the control lever 30.The4 radial limit of rotation of the lever 30 will depend on theadjustable axial limit of movement of the worm member 88. The lever 30limited in its movement to approximately 150 When the lever 30 isrotated, the shaft 91 will move up or down, as the case may be, therebymoving the cam plate' 58 up or down.- 'This axial movement of the camplate as a consequence of the lifting of the shaft 91 will be understoodwhen it is considered that the shaft extends through vthecam and thatthe head 92 of the shaft engages the splined portion of the cam. Theforce of the various springs cooperating with the pistons engaging thecam will tend to keep the cam 58. down. When the lever 3 0 is rotated inthe direction to shift the shaft downwardly the cam will follow.However, should the 'control lever 30 be turned to move the shaft 91 inthe 105--106. This boring in the shaft extends approximately to thepoint designatedby the niimeral 107. Lubricating borings, such as 108may be provided on the shaft v 91 where the journal 55 of the camengages the shaft in' order to provideforgood lubrication., The boring105- 106 extending -to the point 107 in the shaft may 100 be used "forlubricating 'the cam and the other internallyV disposed rotatingoperating parts.

I will now describe thepstructure and operation vof the valves whichcooperate with each of the pistons such aspistons 44 and 45. 'The upperportionof the piston 44 has been shown in crosssection Vin order toillustrate the arrangement of thevarious partsof the valve mechanism.

Each piston is turned down in its upper portion and provided with acentral boring. This is particularly shown in connection with the piston44, the turned down portion being indicated ros by the numeral 110 andthe central boring in this turned down portion of the piston 44 beinginindicatedby the numeral 111.- The valve stem 112 is disposed withinthe boring 111. The valve plug or head 113 which is integral with thestern 112 operates against the valve seat 76 closing the .supply opening74 which is in connection with the fuel supply chamber 86. The lowerportion" of :thevalve stem 112 is roughened as indicated in thedrawings. A tubular sleeve member 114 is disposed around the turned downportion 110 of the piston 44 and is slidable thereon. The boring in theupper portion of the sleeve 114 is enlargedvproviding, a shoulder 115.This shoulder registers with the lower edge of a transverse notch' 116inthe Yturned down' portion 110 of the piston 44. `A key 117 is disposedin the transverse' notch of the-piston portion'll. The upper portion ofthe sleeve y114 is closed by a bushing 118 which isprovided with ashoulder. f A spring 119 is dispo'sed between'the valve head 113 and theshoul- V:der on the bushing y11s. This spring tends to keep the sleeve114 on the turned down portion 110 of the piston 44 as shown in thedrawings and to pull the valve stem out of the boring in the piston.

The construction of Vthis valve arrangement cooperating with each pistonwill be better understood with referencev to- Figure 5 which I will 1,

describe next. v

Referring now to Figure 5, this figure shows, on an enlarged scale, theturned down upper portion :of the piston 44. This portion is indicatedby .the reference numeral 110 in accordance with the like referencenumeral applied .to this part in Figure 3. It will be seen that thisturned down portion 110 of the piston 44 is provided with acentralcboring 111 and disposed in this boring is the valve stem 112.`The valve head is lvalve stem. The sleeve which surrounds the numeral121. A sloping shoulder 122 is thereby turned down portion 110 of thepiston` is shown in fragmentary section indicated by the numeral 114.The sleeve is slidable on the turned down portion 110 and the boring inthe sleeve is enlarged in the upper portion as-indicated by the providedwhich is substantially in register with the lower edge of the transversenotch 116. Now, since the sleeve 114 is slidable on the turned downportion 110 of the piston, it will be apparent that the shoulder 122will catch the key 117 and press. the key against the roughened portion120 of the valve stem 112 at the moment when the sleeve 114 moves on theturned down portion 110 of the piston in the direction shown in Figure 5by the arrow. When the sleeve 114 moves thus, it will lock the valvestem 112 with the portion 110 of the piston. The unlocking can only beaccomplished when the sleeve 114 moves or slides along the turned downportion 110 of the piston in the contrary direction.

The operation of the pistons and of the valve cooperating with eachpiston will now be de` scribed in detail with reference to the Figure6." This Figure 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic representation, on anenlarged scale, of the operation of the cooperating pistons and valves.A six cylinder pump device is assumed in this gure, that isV to say, apump device adapted to supply fuel in metered and measured quantities toa six-cylinder internal combustion engine. The device may be of 'thestructure shown in Figures l and 2, and the internal arrangement may bethe one described with reference to Figure 3.

In order to simplify the explanation of piston and valve operation, Ihave shown the valve seats, and also the operating cam in straight linerepresentation. Only a fraction of the cam, namely the cam dwellportion, is shown as indicated by the reference numeral 59 in accordancewith the same reference numeral applied to this cam portion in Figure 3.Itfwill be understood that the cam is in reality a circular rotatingdisc.4

The valve seat plate which inreality is a circular plate such asindicated by numeral 72 in Figure 3 is also shown ina straightlineplane, and the same reference numeral 72 is 4applied thereto. Thisvalve plate 72 has as many valve seats as there are pump cylinders. Thevalve seats extend in reality intov borings within a closure member suchas the member 10 in Figure 3. The borings act in the nature of a chamberto which liquid fuel is admitted by the valves. It is assumed in Figure6 that the rst valve seat corresponds'to the valve seat 76 shown inFigure 3 in axial alignment with the piston 44, the upper portion ofwhich is represented in cross-section. The next two valve seatsaredesignated by numerals 125 and 126.

The valve seat 77 corresponds to the valve seat 76 in the cirularstructure Figure 3. The remaining valve seats disposed.. inthe(circular) structure between the valve seats 76 and 77 are designated bynumerals 127 and 128.

The cylinders are omitted, and only the upper portions of the pistons inaxial alignment with the valve seats are shown. Accordingly, the firstpiston shown in the drawings Figure 6 on the left side, is the (upperpart) piston 44 corresponding to piston 44 of Figure 3. The piston 45 isshown in alignment with valve seat 77 and corresponds to the piston 45in Figure 3. The (upper portion of) other pistons are designated byreference numerals 129 to 132, inclusive.

In the lower portion of the drawings Figure 6 is shown the cam 59, anditis assumed that this cam moves (in rotating) in the direction of thearrow, i. e., from right to left in Figure 6. It may be mentioned herethat the direction of movement of the cam is immaterial in practice, buta definite direction of movement is assumed for the purpose ofconvenient description. Auxiliary pistons ride on the cam. -Thesepistons can reciprocate or shift axially within the corresponding holesin the lower flange of the main frame of the device and within thesleeve on the piston, as particularly` shown in Figure 3.

Part of the auxiliary piston`42 is shown in Figure 6 and designated bythe same reference numeral. Part of the auxiliary piston 43 is shownlikewise. 'Ihe remaining auxiliary pistons cooperating with the pistons129 to 132, are marked by numerals 133 to 136, inclusive.

The operation will bedescribedwith particular reference to Figure 6, butFigure 3 should be consulted for certain details not shown in Figure 6.The previously mentioned operation of the auxil` iar`y pistons relativeto the main piston should be recalled, namely, that these auxiliarypistons have a constant stroke depending on the dwell 59 of the rotarycam 58. The downward stroke of the main Y pistons is fixed due to thesleeves such as tlre sleeves 52 and 53 shown in Figure 3. The flangedheads on the pistons will engage the sleeves as is apparent from ytheposition of piston 45 relative to the sleeve 53. The flanged head 47 ofthe piston 45 rests on the sleeve 53. In case the cam is shifted axiallyby the actuation of the control lever 30, the auxiliary pistons will belowered or raised relative to the main pistons.

For example, if the cam 58 is lowered from the position shown-in Figure3, the result would be that all auxiliary pistons 'would movedownwardly, following the movement ofthe cam. The pis- 4tons whichengage the plane ofthe cam, such as the piston 43 would move down andthe distance 137 (Figure 3) between the auxiliary piston and the head*of the main piston 45 would increase. The4 main piston remains in theposition shown because the head 47 rests on the sleeve 53.` Theauxiliary piston which is in engagement with the highest point o f thecam dwell 59 would also follow the downward motion of the' cam.However,- since this piston is in its highest position and has liftedthe main piston 44, the' main piston would also follow the movement andthe distance 138 (Figure 3) would decrease. This distance 138 signiesthe stroke of the piston 44 (and also the remaining pistons) at theparticular cam setting. A lowering of the cam from this settingtherefore means a decrease in the stroke of the main pistons, andraising of the cam will cause a corresponding increase.

In case the cam is lowered to such extent that the distance 138 iscompletely obliterated, that is to say, that the main piston will reston the sleeves such as 52, 53 in lthe highest position of the auxiliarypiston, there will be no pumping of fuel; the main pistons will notrespond. The auxiliary pistons will still have their constant stroke de--pending on the cam dwell 59, but will-reciprocate idly within the space137 which is now increased im to the amount of the cam dwell 59.

In the position shown in Figure 3, and, in fact, in any effectiveworking position, the auxiliary pistons will always operate withconstant stroke,

but only part of the stroke will be operatively.

f within which the upper portion of the piston reciprocates. In themoment when the piston moves UD. valve must close, so that the pistoncan displace the liquid fuel in the corresponding space and eject thefuel through the outlet connection. This opening and closing of the'valve cooperating with each of the cylinders and pistons isaccomplished by means of the novel valve lock which I have previouslyidescribed particularly with reference to Figures 3 and 5;

With the above explanations in mind, I will enter upon a description ofthe function of the device with particular reference to Figure 6, but,as I have said previously, Figure 3 should be consulted for details notshown in Figure 6.

Now, let us assume that the cam rotates thereby moving the dwell 59 inthe direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 6. The auxiliary piston42 is now positioned on the plane of the cam. The valve head 113 is inengagement with the valve seat 'I6 closing the opening 74. The chamber'10 (Figure 3) isI flooded with liquid fuel. The

cam rotates and the cam dwell will lift the aux.`

iliary piston to a position as shown in connection with the secondpiston 133. Let us assume thatthe working stroke begins at this point.|I'he piston 441129) ywill move upwardly and will dis place the liquidfuel in the corresponding chamber, electing the fuel through the outletchannel such as 139, as shown inFigure 3. In the further movement of thecam, the auxiliary piston will finally take the position shown inconnection with the piston 134. The highest point of 'the cam dwell 59is somewhat flattened as is indicated by the dotted line 140. The pistonwill therefore come to a'stopin its upward motion. It will remain inthis position for the length of 'the nattened portion 140 of the camdwell. Since the sleeve 1141s slidable on the turned down portion 110 ofthe piston, and since the inertia of the sleeve overbalances the forceof the spring 119, the sleeve 14 will have a tendency to continue in the`motion of the piston and will compress the spring 119. as is shown inconnection with the piston in the highest portion of the cam.

The shoulder 122 will engage the key 117 and will press the keyagainstthe roughened lower portion 120 of the valve stem. The sleeve 114remains in this position due tothe inertia of the material, which actionlwill be understood when it is considered that the inertia of the sleeve114 overbalances the spring 119. The valve stem 112 is therefore lockedin engagement with the turned down portion 110y ot the piston (130). Theworking stroke is completed and the quantity of fuel which waspreviously admitted into the chamber (Figure 3) is elected v through theoutlet duct 139.

vThe cam continues to rotate and the cam dwell moves away from underthepiston so that the piston comes-into the position shown in connectionwith the auxiliary piston 43. The cooperating piston moves downwardly.It takes the valve along due to the locking of the valve stem 112 inengagement with the turned down-portion 110 of the piston. The inletopening (such as i. e., when it starts its working stroke, the

to the operation of the cam and nnally assumes the position shown inconnection with the auxiliary piston 135. The valve is completely openand liquid fuelA is admitted into the cylinder pumping chamber.

Thel axial movement of the main piston will come to a sudden stop,during the return movement at the moment when the flange -of the mainpiston engages the sleeve of the corresponding auxiliary piston. Thesleeve 114 due to the momentum of the material will tend to continue inthe downward motion and 4will assume ,the position shown in the drawingsin Figure 6,

(piston 131) releasing the key 117 and thereby releasing the valve stem112 from locking engagement with the piston. The force of the spring 119will now become effective and will move the valve upwardly to close thecorresponding valve seat opening as is shown on the right side of thedrawing Figure 6. l

The v alve in the piston sition in which it originally was. Liquid fuelhas been admitted to the cylinder chamber; the auxiliary piston rides onthe plane of the cam, and when it is raised to the position shown inconnection with the auxiliary piston 133, the working stroke will beginand the liquid fuel will be ejected thorugh the outlet duct asldescribed. When the piston arrives again at the' highest point of thecam dwell 59, which is flattened, the sleeve will again continue -in theworking stroke movement, will compress the spring and will lock tworking stroke. The cycle is repeated as long as' the device is inoperation.

It will b e seen from the above description of the valve action thatthis' cooperating piston and valve structure accomplishes the desiredpurpose in novel manner. The sleeve on the turned down portion of thepiston acts in the nature of a chuck for locking the valve to the pistonat the .end of the working stroke, and for releasing the lockingengagement at theend of the return stroke. The valve is positivelyopened and liquid fuel is admitted during the return stroke, and at theend of the return stroke, the valve is released and closes the inletport" due to the spring force. The'spring need only be strongenough tolift the v weight of the small valve stem and valve head. The'weight ofthe sleeveis many times the force of the spring. I therefore'utilize theinertia of the material for accomplishing the valve action,

and this utilization of natural forces enables me to achieve a properand positive action in this device, in a novel manner, and with lesseffort than was thought pomble in the past.

Attention is called at this point -of the description to Vthe length ofthe pump pistons. A seeping of f uel along these long pistons will bepracisnowagaininthepo-Al accomplished during the next 'i ticallynegligible even in case Vof highest pres- 'I sures. It will also berealized that'the construction of the pump relative to the volumehandled can be readily modifled without any effort. The borings in thepump cylinders can be enlarged,

-or rather to say, other cylinders with larger borings can besubstituted together with otheripistons, and inserted in place of thepistons shown.

This will increase the capacity of the-pistons for a proportionatelylarger engine.

the cylinders of the engine is thereby accomplished gradually, duringthe compression stroke j of the engine pistons.

The structure of the valve cooperating with each pump piston may, ofcourse, be modified in various ways. The essential thought resides inAthe utilization of the natural forces, that is, in the inertia thatis inthe material. In the Figures 7 to 10 inclusive are shown two furtherembodiments of cooperating valves and pistons which I will describenext.

In Figures 7 and 8 I have shown the upper part of a piston, designatedby the reference numeral 140.. The upper portion consists of tvocooperating sides 141 and 142, whereby the part 142 is loosely attachedto the part 141. The arrows at the left of Figures 7 and 8 indicate thedownward and upward motion of the piston, respectively. The cooperatingparts 141 and 142, the rst being integral'with the piston 140, areprovided with a cavity inl which are disposed rings as indicated by thereference numerals 143'to 147, inclusive., The valve comprises a stem148 and a head 149. The latter may cooperate with a valve seat to closeor to open a port leading to the cylinder chamber.k

Let us now assume that the piston 140 moves upwardly as is shown inFigure 8. The valve at this moment is closed. At the end of the workingstroke, the part 142 will continue to move due to the inertia of thematerial; and will assume the position relative to the part 141 ofthepiston 140 in which it is shown in the drawings Figure 7. The rings 143to 147, inclusive, will be tilted within the cavity of the parts 141 and142 and will thereby grip the roughened val-ve stem 148. The

fpiston`140 moves then downwardly in the direction shown by the arrow onthe left of Figure 7 and, since the valve stem 148 is locked inengagement with the piston, the piston 140 will take the valve 149along, thereby opening the supply orifice. At the end of the returnstroke, the part 142 will again return to the position shown in Figure8, thereby releasing the valve 149. The closure of the valve may beaccomplished by the use of a spring as in the previous case.

In Figures 9 and 10 is shown a further modiilcation which `may beemployed. The end of the piston such as the piston 150 is turned down at1'51 and provided 4with a chuck head 15 2. A

' boring is provided vin the turned down portion 151 as shown, and alongitudinal slot gives resiliency to the upper portion of the piston. Achuck sleeve 153 -is slidably disposed on the turn'ed down portion 151,and the upper part oi.' the chuck portion 153 is turned in conically at154 for engagement with the conical back of the head 152. -The valvestem 155 is disposed within the slotted opening of the piston 150.

Assuming now that the piston 150 moves upwardly in the direction of thearrow shown on the left of Figure 10, with the valve closed, the pistonwill Adisplacethe liquid fuel and eject the same in Figure 9. Theconical surface 154 engages the corresponding'surface of the head 152 ofthe piston, thereby locking the resilient sides of the slotted head yandgripping the stem 155. The

valve is now locked to the piston. During the downward motion in thedirection of the arrow shown on the left iniFigure 9, the valve-'will betaken along by the piston due to the locking of i the chuck sleeve 153,and the valve" will open and liquid fuel will be admitted into thecorresponding cylinder chamber. At the end of the down stroke, the chucksleeve will move due to the momentum of thereturn motion of the pistonand will assume the position as shown in Figure 10. releasing the valvestem 155. The valve can now move to close the supply orifice in a manneras was previously described.

It will be understood that the embodiments shown in Figures 7 to 10,inclusive, are merely diagrammatic representations of additionalstructures which may be used in practice These examples do not by anymeans exhaust the ideas of modifications and other -embodiments whichmay occur to one experienced in the art and directed by my teachings.

The valve head or valve plug which I have shown as a plate or nat discmay of course be rounded', or may be made in conical plug form, ifdesired.

I. will next describe the check valve which is disposed in each of theoutlet connections of the device.

Threaded outlet extensions are provided on the closure member 10 inradial alignment with the corresponding cylinders. Two such outlet ex,

tensions are -shown in Figure 3 and designated by the numerals 156 and157. Each extension is provided with an external thread and with anoutlet duct suehas the duct 139 shown in connec-V .tion with theextension 156. The extension 156 posed at the bottom of this socketboringis a v gasket such as is indicated by the reference numeral 160 inconnection with the extension 156. A valve seat member 161 is disposedin the socket opening engaging the. gasket 160. This member has aninternal boring 162 and a threaded head 163 which is ilattened on itsvsides in order to permit the passage oi fuel. A gasket 164 is providedon the flange of the member 161 and engages a ange 166 of the member17.which is held in assembly with the valve seat member 161 and with theextension 165 by means of a nut such as the nut 11. AThis member 17 isprovided with l`a boring 1,68 and a larger boring 169. A valve housing170 is `disposed within this large boring 169 as shown. The valvehousing is provided with an internal threadfor engagement with the'external thread on the valve seat head 163 and the in the bottom boringof the valve housing 170.

A spring 175 tends to close the valve 173 in engagement with the valveseat on the face of the head 163.

The above structure is shown in enlarged crosssection in Figure 4 whichis taken along the lines 4--4 in Figure 3. It will be seen that thevalve housing in slottedat its end as indicated by the numeral 172, andthat this slotted end of the valve housing engages the threaded portion163 of the valve seat which is provided with the atted sides. The fuelentering the valve, housing can therefore be displaced through theslotted end and can flow along these flatted sides of the valve seat.

When the cylinder 44 operates on its working stroke to eject the liquidfuel through the duct 139, the fuel will enter through the hole in thegasket 160 and through the duct 162 in the valve seat member 161. Thepressure of the fuel due to the operation of the piston 44 will displacethe valve 173 against the pressure of the spring 175 and the fuel willenter into the valve'housing 170. It will leave through the slotted endof the valve housing which is in engagement with the valve seat head163, the sides of .the head 163 of the valve seat being flattened inorder tol permit an' easy passage of the fuel. The fuel will thus flowaround the valve housing 170 and will enter the outlet duct 168 in themember 17. Attached to the member 17 by means of a suitable screw jointor the like is a corresponding fuel line leading to the atomizer in thecorresponding engine cylinder. A check valve arrangement of thestructure described above is disposed in all the fuel outlets on thememberl 10 in radial alignment with the corresponding cylinders.

The operation will be easily understood from the above detaileddescription of the mechanism. However, 'for the sake of completeness, Iwill briey review the operation below so that the device may becorrectly understood. The

' fuel is fed to the deviceby the fuel inlet line 24 and thus to thesupply chamber 68 on both sides of the filter 80. In the continuousoperation of this-device it must be assumed that the various channelsand`ports are flooded with liquid fuel. Therefore, it is merelynecessary to displace the fuel rather than to pump it intothe device bythe action of the pistons.

Since the supply chamber 86 and the supply ports such as 74 and '7 5 ofthe various cylinders are flooded with liquid fuel, thefk operationofthepistons merely causes a displacement of the fuel. When the cam 58rotates due to the rotation of the driving member 28, it will actuatethe auxiliary pistons, and, according to the adjustment ofthe controllever 30, the auxiliary pistons will actuate the main pistons such as 44and 45. The main pistons will cause the opening of the valves of thesupply ports in a manner as was particularly described in connectionwith the Figure 6 and the fuel will enter the chambers such as 70, whilethe pistons go down. The `valves will then close and during the workingstroke of the pistons, the fuel within the chambers such as 70 will bedisplaced and will be ejected through 'the corresponding ducts suchl as1 39. 'Ihe pressure on the fuel will cause an opening of the checkvalves such as 173A in the corresponding outlet opening and the fuelwill ow from the duct 162 into the v alve housing and around the slottedend of thevalve housing joining the flattened sides ofthe corresponding`valve seat, and partially also through the boring in which the valvestem (174) reciprocates,

entering finally the outlet duct (168) which isin connection with thepipe line leading to the 'atomizer on the corresponding engine cylinder.

When it is desired to supply less fuel for the loperation of theengne,.a11 that is necessary is to turn the controlv lever 30 in adirection to shift the shaft 91 downwardly, whereby the cam 58 willfollow the movement of the shaft due to the pressure of the auxiliarypistons on the cam. The stroke of l the main pistons will thus ply `lessfuel through the pipe lines-t9 the en gie cylinders., When it is desiredto supplyiriore fuel, in accordance with the requirements .of speed andload, the control lever will be rotated in the contrary direction,lifting theshaft -91, thereby also lifting the cam 58 due to the factthat the head 92 of the shaft engagesthe face of the splined portion 60of thecam, and. the cam` lwill be raised,` increasing thereby theeffective stroke of the main pistons. l

It will be seen that the auxiliary pistnsare directly in slidingengagement with the cam. If desired, this arrangement may be modified,for example, in accordance with the struct shown in Figure 11.

Referring now to Figure 11, this figure shows a fragmentary portion of a-cam such as the cam 58, designated in Figure 11 by the referencenumeral 58.'. The lower end of a pump cylinder is shown in this figureanddesignated by the numeral 180. A piston 181 reciprocates within thiscylinder 180. Thelower end of this piston has a cup-like head 182 havingan opening for receiving the auxiliary piston 183. The head 182 o f themain piston at the end of the return stroke rests on the flange 40 ofthey main frame, corresponding to the flange 40 in Figure 3. The 'flangeis also provided with an annular groove for receiving-a felt packing 41'in order to prevent the communication of liquidl ful which may seepalong the pistons with the lubricant. contained in the lower portion ofthe housing, a portion of which is shown' at 27'. A spring 184 engagesthe head 182 of the main piston 110l 181. and at the other end, thisspring l184 may engage a flange. or shoulder on the cylinder 1'80.

liliary piston downwardly away from the main piston 181. A lowering pfthe cam 58' will therefore cause a corresponding lowering of theauxiliary pistons, while the main pistons remain in the position asshown in connection with pistonv 181.

The operation is therefore exactly the same as in the previouslydescribed embodiment'. The modification resides chiefly in the provisionof a roller or wheel 185- at the end of each auxiliary. piston. In thepreviously described embodiment, the auxiliary pistons slide directly onthe cam, while in this modication each auxiliary piston is provided witha roller..` A

A slot 187 is provided in the ange 40' in the main frame adjacent theopening in which the corresponding auxiliary piston reciprocates, andeach auxiliary piston has a` lateral projection such as the 'projection'188 which slides in this slot. 'I'he purpose f the slot and thecorresponding projection of the piston is to x the piston radially`whilepermitting its longitudinal movement. This is necessary in view of thefact that a roller is provided at the end of the piston which cooperateswith the cam. The auxiliary piston must therefore be prevented fromrotating. 'It will be understood that numerous modifications may bedevised above and beyond the-modifications of certain parts. which Ihave shown and iso described. I therefore want to have it under- 150stood that I do not desire to vbe limited in the application of theinvention to the precise structure or structures shown and described inthis specification, but only to the meaning and scope of the claimswhich follows. I have expressed in these claims what I believe is newand distinguishing in the art.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a high speed fuel pump for internal combustion engines, acylinder, a piston therefor, an axial boring in said piston, a valvehaving a stem disposed Within said axial boring, a key member inthe-wall of said piston, and a sleeve on said piston for actuating saidkey member to lock said valve stem to said piston upon the terminationof the working stroke thereof.

2. In a fuel pump for internal combustion engines, a cylinder, a pistontherefor, an axial boring in said piston, a valve member having a stemand a plug, said stem being disposed within said axial boring, an inletport for said cylinder, said plug being adapted to close said inletport, key means for locking said valve member in engagement with saidpiston and sleeve means on said piston for actuating said key means uponthe termination of the working stroke thereof and for releasing saidvalve member from locking engagement with said piston upon thetermination of the return stroke thereof whereby said valve member willopen said inlet port during the return stroke and close said inlet portduring the working stroke'of saidpiston.

3. The unitary assembly of a fuel supply device for an internalcombustion engine, comprising a frame, a plurality of cylinderscircularly disposed on said frame, a piston within each cylinder, asingle rotary cam forl actuating said pistons, means for altering theposition of said cam axially relative to said pistons to determine theworking stroke of said pistons, a member for securing said cylinders incircular assembly on said frame, fuel inletA chambers in said member onefor each cylinder and in axial alignment therewith, fuel outlet meansextending laterally from said member, a valve plate cooperating withsaid member, valve seats on ,said plate extending individually into saidinlet chambers, a top vshell for said device, a circular filter withinsaid shell, a fuel inlet on said shell, and a single means cooperatingwith said frame for securing said shell, said valve plate, said memberand said cylinders in position.

4. In a pump, an inlet port, a piston, a valve for said inlet port, saidvalve having a stem disposed slidably in' said piston, a sleeve onsaidpiston, a spring disposed between said sleeve and said valve and tendingto pull said stem from said piston, and means actuated by said sleevefor locking said stem to said piston upon the end ofthe working strokethereof, the piston pulling said valve locked thereto during the backstroke to open said port, and for unlocking said stem upon thetermination of said back stroke, said spring pulling said valve to closesaid port.

5. A fuel pump for internal combustion engines comprising a casing, aplurality of cylinders disposed symmetrically around said casing,pistons for said cylinders, a shaft extending centrally through saidcasing, a cam for actuating said 8l pistons, said cam being rotatablycarried on said shaft, means secured to said casing and directlyengaging said cam for rotating the same to actuate saidvpistonssuccessively, and rotatable lever means disposed centrally of andoutside said casing for shifting said shaft longitudinally to alter theposition of said cam relative to said pistons for determining the strokeof said pistons.

6. A fuel pump mechanism of the class described, comprising a frame, aplurality of cylinders mounted symmetrically on one end of said frame,pistons for said cylinders projecting from said frame at one end, arotatable cam for actuating said pistons, said cam being journaledwithin said frame, a housing for attachment to said frame to envelopsaid cam, a partition on said frame disposed within said housing forseparating said cam from said cylindersto avoid seepage' of fuel intosaid housing, means mounted in said housing and directly engaging saidcam for rotatl ing the same, a shaft extending centrally through saidcam, a head on said shaft engaging said cam at one end thereof, a wormmember disposed within said frame and cooperating with the other end ofsaid shaft, and rotatable lever means mounted outside said mechanism andcentrally thereof for actuating said worm to move-said shaftlongitudinally for valtering the position of said cam relative to saidpistons to determine the stroke thereof.

7. A unitary fuel pump device` comprising a cylinder, a piston therein,means for biasing said pistonv in the direction of the return strokethereof, a stop for defining the extento'f the return stroke, a hollowauxiliary piston disposed in axial alignment with said first piston andadapted to actuate said iirst piston, spring means in said auxiliarypiston tending to move the same away from said first piston, a rotatablecam for directly actuating said auxiliary piston, means directlyengaging said cam for rotating the same, a shaftextendlng centrallythrough said cam, a flange on said shaft engaging one end of said camand rotatable lever means on said device for longitudinally moving saidshaft to alter the position of said cam relative to said piston fordetermining the stroke thereof.

r FRITZ STEPHAN.

